Definitions and Causes of Corns and Calluses

25 Nov, 2024

Definitions and Causes of Corns and Calluses

Our feet work tirelessly and bear our burden every step of the way through life, and they can experience some serious wear and tear. Two common conditions that can affect the feet are corns and calluses. Though similar, and often confused to be the same, these foot issues have distinct differences, causes, and treatments.

In this brief article brought to you by Mid Penn Foot & Ankle Specialists, we introduce you to these two foot conditions, explore their causes, and share some treatment options available. If you’d rather consult a licensed foot specialist, then call Mid Penn to schedule a convenient appointment today.

What are corns and calluses?

Corns are small, round, and often painful areas of skin that develop on parts of the feet which are subject to pressure or friction; they’re usually found over bony areas like the tops or sides of toes. Corns can be either hard (typically on the tops of toes where bones press against shoes) or soft (found between toes where the skin stays moist).

Calluses, meanwhile, cover larger areas of thickened skin. They’re usually less defined and happen in areas that experience repeated rubbing or pressure. Calluses are common in areas like the soles of the feet, heels, or the balls of the feet. Unlike corns, calluses are typically not painful – but they can become uncomfortable if they grow too thick.

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In short: corns are concentrated and often painful; calluses are widespread and usually painless.

What causes corns and calluses?

Both conditions develop as the body’s natural response to protect the skin from excessive pressure or friction. However, the triggers for each can vary slightly. Let’s start with corns.

Common causes of corns include:

Poorly Fitting Shoes: Shoes that are too tight can create pressure points and loose shoes can cause friction as they allow feet to slide around.
High Heels: These are notorious for squeezing toes together and forming corns.
Toe Deformities: Conditions like hammertoes or bunions can cause toes to rub against shoes and lead to corns.
Not Wearing Socks: Skipping socks or wearing poorly fitting ones increases friction.

Similarly, but not identically, calluses can form due to:

Frequent Walking or Standing: Activities that put repeated pressure on the soles of the feet.
Flat Feet or High Arches: These conditions can unevenly distribute weight and cause calluses in certain areas.
Barefoot Walking: Walking barefoot, especially on hard surfaces, can form calluses as the skin toughens to protect itself.
Improper Footwear: Shoes without enough padding or support can create areas of excessive pressure.

Treating corns and calluses

Luckily, both corns and calluses are manageable with some foot care and lifestyle adjustments. Here are some suggestions that come to mind:

For corns:

Soak your feet in warm water for 10–15 minutes to soften the skin, then gently use a pumice stone to remove dead skin. Be careful not to overdo it.
Use non-medicated corn pads to cushion the area and reduce friction.
Keep the skin hydrated.
Use over-the-counter products with salicylic acid to help dissolve the hardened skin, but consult your foot doctor beforehand.

For calluses:

Soak your feet in warm water with Epsom salts to soften the callused areas.
Gently rub the callus with a pumice stone or foot file after soaking.
Use a thick foot cream or lotion to keep the skin soft and prevent calluses from getting worse.

We advise against cutting calluses yourself as this can lead to infections. If the problem persists despite your efforts or if you notice signs of infection, then it’s probably time to see a licensed podiatrist in Dillsburg. Residents in the area can call Mid Penn Foot & Ankle Specialists to schedule a flexible appointment today.